הטכנולוגיה שלנו
Technology
NANO TEXT SIZE
Shown above is the final Bible text at different magnifications though
a special Electron Microscope.
SIZE COMPARISON
One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 10 to the ninth power of a
meter. The comparative size is a marble to earth.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
The smallest object visible to an Optical microscope is only 200 nm.
(Not to be confused with an Electron Microscope)
STRAND OF HAIR
100,000 +/- NM WIDE
A human hair is apx. 80,000-100,000 nanometers.
ONE BIBLE LETTER SIZE
600 +/- NM WIDE
To actually be able to read the Bible, you need an electron
microscope to zoom into the text 1000x.
UV WAVELENGTH
60 +/- NM WIDE
Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation.
STRAND OF DNA
2.5 +/- NM WIDE
A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter. There are
25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.
THE MATERIAL
The Jerusalem Nano Bible is made from silicon ‘wafer’, a thin slice of
semiconductor material, derived from sand, typically used in precision
printing of circuit boards for electronics.
NOT A DEVICE
The Jerusalem Nano Bible is not an electronic
device or connected to the internet. We re-
purposed the printing technology to reproduce
the bible onto a tiny 5x5 mm wafer surface.
DIGITAL TEXT FILE
With a special program, the Nano Scientist translates the bible text file in whole, into
an actual image or photograph, which will ultimately be projected onto the smallest
of surfaces.
BIBLE SURFACE
The text is covered with a protective layer made
from 500 nm Sin and Silicon OxiNitride. The
letters are nano printed or engraved in 450 nm
thick aluminum.
NANO PRINTING PROCESS:
1 • MANUFACTURING
Starting with a silicon wafer, 200 mm in diameter
and 0.7 mm thick, a deposit of silicon oxide and
aluminum are layered onto the substrate and
coated with a photosensitive material or
photoresist.
2 • LITHOGRAPHY
The text is printed on a transparent mask, which is
x4 larger than the final print on Silicon. The mask
image is exposed onto the photoresist surface while
reduced to the final size for final output.
3 • DEVELOP / ETCH
Aluminum is etched through the photoresist layer,
copying the pattern onto the aluminum layer. Then
photoresist material is removed. Think of it as
reverse puzzle pieces.
4 • PROTECTIVE LAYER
A protective layer of SiN and Silicon Oxide is
deposited onto the wafer and then back grinded
from 0.7 mm to 0.4 mm. After the Nano Bibles are
cut to the final dimensions.
NANO TEXT SIZE
Shown above is the final Bible text at different magnifications though
a special Electron Microscope.
SIZE COMPARISON
One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 10 to the ninth power of a
meter. The comparative size is a marble to earth.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
The smallest object visible to an Optical microscope is only 200 nm.
(Not to be confused with an Electron Microscope)
STRAND OF HAIR
100,000 +/- NM WIDE
A human hair is apx. 80,000-100,000 nanometers.
ONE BIBLE LETTER SIZE
600 +/- NM WIDE
To actually be able to read the Bible, you need an electron
microscope to zoom into the text 1000x.
UV WAVELENGTH
60 +/- NM WIDE
Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation.
STRAND OF DNA
2.5 +/- NM WIDE
A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter. There are
25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.
THE MATERIAL
The Jerusalem Nano Bible is made from silicon ‘wafer’, a thin slice of
semiconductor material, derived from sand, typically used in precision
printing of circuit boards for electronics.
NOT A DEVICE
The Jerusalem Nano Bible is not an electronic
device or connected to the internet. We re-
purposed the printing technology to reproduce
the bible onto a tiny 5x5 mm wafer surface.
DIGITAL TEXT FILE
With a special program, the Nano Scientist translates the bible text file in whole, into
an actual image or photograph, which will ultimately be projected onto the smallest
of surfaces.
BIBLE SURFACE
The text is covered with a protective layer made
from 500 nm Sin and Silicon OxiNitride. The
letters are nano printed or engraved in 450 nm
thick aluminum.
NANO PRINTING PROCESS:
1 • MANUFACTURING
Starting with a silicon wafer, 200 mm in diameter
and 0.7 mm thick, a deposit of silicon oxide and
aluminum are layered onto the substrate and
coated with a photosensitive material or
photoresist.
2 • LITHOGRAPHY
The text is printed on a transparent mask, which is
x4 larger than the final print on Silicon. The mask
image is exposed onto the photoresist surface while
reduced to the final size for final output.
3 • DEVELOP / ETCH
Aluminum is etched through the photoresist layer,
copying the pattern onto the aluminum layer. Then
photoresist material is removed. Think of it as
reverse puzzle pieces.
4 • PROTECTIVE LAYER
A protective layer of SiN and Silicon Oxide is
deposited onto the wafer and then back grinded
from 0.7 mm to 0.4 mm. After the Nano Bibles are
cut to the final dimensions.